Tuesday, June 11, 2019

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Report - Essay ExampleFigure 1 highlights that 40% of the worlds current population lives in arid regions (Balon and Dehnad, 2010). In developing countries in Africa and Asia, nearly a quarter of the population lives in arid and semi arid regions, compared to just 11% in Europe and 6% in Oceania. Figure 1 Population Who Live in piddleless and Semi-Arid Regions Source www. weewee-asar.de/lang1/water_shortness_in_arid_and_semi-arid_regions_-_ar.html 3. Why Are There Water Shortages? The Welech Institute (2006) highlight many a(prenominal) factors leading to water shortages. These include economic development, political and financial deficits, lack of information and education of population and lack of adapted technologies and know how. Figure 2 highlights several other key factors, and explains how this leads to water scarcity. Figure 2 Reasons For Water Shortages Contributing Factor Explanation High Population Growth UN Population social class states population in developing r egions (containing the most arid areas) grew from 1.6 billion in 1950, to 4.5 billion by 2005, and is predicted to make up to 8 billion by 2050, which will install enormous stress on water supplies. Climate Change Increased temperature rise between 2-4c, affecting climatic weather patterns with less rainwater and high evaporation rates in arid regions. Higher Demand for Irrigation 70% of the worlds freshwater is currently used for irrigation, and agriculture is the biggest consumer of fresh water in arid regions. Groundwater Depletion Over pumping of groundwater (160 m? of non renewable groundwater extracted every year) Contamination of Water Resources Due to leaching of agricultural pesticides and fertilizers, domestic and industrial wastage, and untreated sewage. fitted from Welech Institute Report (2006) 4. The Need for Action Figure 3 Johannesburg 2002 Logo 5. South Africa and its Arid Regions Figure 4 South Africas Arid Regions 6. Measures For Water Provision 6.1. South Africas Demand For Water The National Water Resource Strategy documents of DWAF states that overall water demand is expected to increase by approximately 9% from 2000-2025 (DWAF, 2004). By 2025 DWAF states that there will need to be both reduced consumption and increase supply to maintain water security and allow for sustainable development. Therefore substantial investments are required for water infrastructure and other water management strategies. 6.2. Planning and Management The education of a National Water Resource Strategy designed to address the management of the water resources to meet the development goals of the country Identifies scarce water areas and constrains development as well as development opportunities where water resources are available Industrial users required to develop and submit their water directly from a water resource (DWAF, 2004) 6.3. Groundwater Extraction and Mixed Use of Surface and Groundwater Figure 5 Groundwater Extraction 6.4. Artificial Groun dwater Recharge Refers to the process of transferring water into aquifers, such as rainfall and treated waste water. Advantages include provides security during drought and dry seasons provides storage of

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