Listening To Troubled Families Social Work Essay Essays

Listening To Troubled Families Social Work Essay Essays Listening To Troubled Families Social Work Essay Essay Listening To Troubled Families Social Work Essay Essay The intent of this essay is to critically analyze a study Listening to Troubled Families ( Casey, 2012 ) . To carry through this it will be necessary to give a brief historical overview of societal policy and legislative developments from 1979 to the present twenty-four hours. It will travel on to debate the drivers for modern-day pattern and schemes that promote kids safeguarding and household support. The essay will use statute law, counsel and policies that give societal workers a legal authorization to work with households whose kids are deemed to be at hazard. The essay will besides consider a choice of societal work accomplishments whilst using theories and methods that are in conformity with social work values ( Teater, 2010, p. 4 ) . The study entitled Listening to Troubled Families is a snapshot of 16 household s lives who have entrenched, long-run rhythms of enduring jobs and doing jobs ( Casey, 2012, p. 1 ) . The phrase long-term rhythms is really similar to an look that the Prime Minister at the clip Tony Blair ( 2006 ) used in a address to depict households with problems [ that ] are multiple, entrenched and frequently passed down the coevalss ( Blair, 2006 cited in Welshman, 2008, p. 77 ) . Both statements can be compared to Joseph s ( 1972 ) cycle of want hypothesis ( Joseph, 1972 cited in Welshman, 2008, p. 77 ) . This is of import because harmonizing to Welshman ( 2012 ) it is an passage of the argument refering the deserving and unworthy hapless and popular beliefs aimed at scroungers in British society. This has led Featherstone et Al. ( 2012, 630 ) to reason that old and consecutive authoritiess since 1979 have demonstrated a cross-party consensus in respect to cut down political support for the public assistance province . The households in the study had been compelled to work with the Family Intervention Project or hazard facing action on kid attention continuing ( Casey, 2012, p. 3 ) . However, the study is really based on 120,000 households that have been identified as troubled ( Casey 2012, p. 5 ) and who have cost the Government some A ; lb ; 9 billion in the last twelvemonth entirely ( HM Government, 2012, p. 1 ) . This equates to †¦around amp ; lb ; 75,000 per household ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.number10.gov ) . The figure of a 120,000 households is based on a study conducted by the Social Exclusion Task Force ( SETF ) ( Levitas, 2012, p. 4 ) . That carried out some secondary analysis ( Levitas, 2012, p. 4 ) from the Family and Children longitude survey ( FACS ) in 2004. Which highlighted that 2 per cent ( p. 4 ) of families in Britain had legion disadvantages. Levitas ( 2012 ) notes that the Coalition authorities have deliberately sought to misdirect the electorate, i nto presuming that multiple disadvantage ( Levitas, 2012, p.12 ) equates to households that are troubled, to households that are or cause problem ( Levitas, 2012, p. 5 ) . In order to work efficaciously with households where disregard and maltreatment put kids at hazard it is indispensable that the subject cognition, understanding and accomplishments ( QAA, 2008, p. 8 ) . That the pupil has acquired in professional preparation underpin all intercessions with persons to let an understanding of situations ( Trevithick, 2012, p. 4 ) . To understand a state of affairs it is of import that a societal worker has first-class communication accomplishments Koprowska, ( 2009, p. 1 ) considers that these are a cardinal demand for social work appraisal and intercession ( Koprowska, 2009, p. 72 ) . Research conducted by Levin ( 2004, p. 5 ) substantiates this as service users require societal workers who are skilled in listening, reding, measuring, instance managing and happening practical ways to ease. Sedan ( 2005, p. 22 ) notes that communicating comprises of an synergistic procedure affecting the giving, having and look intoing out of intending . Having the accomplishments to pass on would enable the practician to prosecute with health professionals and kids to carry on an appraisal ensuring an effectual and just procedure and result ( Holland, 2010, p. 110 ) . Crippling ( 2009, p. 28 ) reiterates this claim by asseverating that the Assessment procedures should promote an progressively clear apprehension of a kid s state of affairs ( Laming, 2009, p. 29 ) . To carry through appraisals societal workers are required to utilize the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families ( DoH et al. 2000 ) . This is a holistic ( DoH et al. 2000, p. 26 ) and ecological tool that has been influenced by the work of Bronfenbrenner ( 1979 ) who proposed that persons are shaped by their macro, exo, meso and microsystem s ( Bronfenbrenner, 1979 cited in Trevithick, 2012, p. 325 ) . When an appraisal is conducted with an ecological attack it gives a sociological context to the whole individual s life and can estimate the impacts of authorities policies on persons who are frequently in poorness ( Trevithick, 2012 ) . A practician who utilises an ecological position will understand how the constructions of society ( Jack, 2011 ) and the inequalities and hardships that some persons face within it can encroach on their life opportunities ( Trevithick, 2012 ) . It avoids individualising ( Trevithick, 2012, p. 326 ) jobs. Using the apprai sal model facilitates the practician in determining if a kid is in demand and how best to respond ( Ward and Glaser, 2010 ) which the societal worker will establish on current research findings ( DoH et al. , 2000 ) . Information is recorded about the kid s developmental demands ( Ward and Glaser, 2010, p. 160 ) and the health professionals capablenesss to react appropriately ( DoH et al. 2000, p. 12 ) . Whilst taking history of all other beginnings of household support and any environmental influences ( DoH et al. , 2000, p. 12 ) . Another important component in the appraisal model is information sharing between multi-agencies for best involvement determinations for the kid and household ( Rose, 2010, p. 44 ) . This is to avoid what has frequently been referred to as a silo manner of working ( Miers, 2010, p. 75 ) . Brandon et Al. ( 2009, p. 49 ) in their serious instance reappraisals have highlighted the lack of information sharing within and between professional bureaus ( Br andon et al. , ( 2009, p. 49 ) which has led to kids deceasing or enduring unnecessarily. Furthermore, under Working Together to Safeguard Children ( DCSF, 2010, p. 31 ) there is a legal demand to implement effective ( DCSF, 2010, p. 31 ) collaborative joint working ( DCSF, 2010, p. 31 ) between bureaus and multi-professionals who bring a scope of cognition and expertness into treatments. However, it is imperative that the societal worker consults with the household and seeks appropriate consent ( Rose, 2010, p. 44 ) except when or if a kid is suffering, or is at hazard of agony, important injury ( HM Government, 2012, p. 22 ) . This would be in harmony with authorities guidelines Information Sharing: Guidance for practicians and directors ( HM Government, 2012 ) . This is to protect the household from any over-zealous ( Brammer, 2010, p. 126 ) intervention and a consideration of the Human Rights Act 1998 Article 8 should be applied to the households state of affairs by any professionals involved in their lives. A practician should besides see the Rights of the Child under The United Nations Convention 1989 ( Brammer, 2010, p. 178 ) . Although these rights are non recognised under the United Kingdom domestic jurisprudence and normally the Gillick competence applies ( Brammer, 2010, 179 ) . Angela and Carl ( a instance survey within ) the Troubled Families study had asked for aid in relation to their boy Sam , unluckily this was non forthcoming. An entreaty for support and Sam s showing behavior should hold been an chance for early identification of any additional demand ( DCSF, 2012, p.84 ) . Professionals in wellness or instruction could hold implemented the Common Assessment Framework ( CAF ) with informed consent ( CWDC, 2012, p. 20 ) . Performing a CAF would hold identified Sam s extra demands as above and beyond cosmopolitan services ( CWCD, 2012 ) . The CAF is a combination of integrated frontline ( CWCD, 2012, p. 8 ) service proviso that is incorporated into statutory counsel ( CWCD, 2012, p. 8 ) of the Children Act 2004 under subdivision 10 ( multi-agency coaction ) and subdivision 11 ( protection and publicity of kids ) ( CWCD, 2012, p. 8 ) . Significantly, the local authorization, wellness and instruction ignored Angela s concerns and displayed an individualised attack ( Davis and Smith, 2012, p. 14 ) to Sam and his household. This may hold been because of the rationing ( Davis and Smith, 2012, p. 14 ) of services in societal attention. As a consequence of legion local governments losing 50 per cent of their kid in demand budget ( Community Care, 2011 ) . Professionals involved should hold endeavoured to understand the life issues ( Davis and Smith, 2012: p. 14 ) for Sam and contacted wellness and instr uction professionals that Working Together to Safeguard Children ( DCSF, 2010 ) requires. As an option, to an individualized attack the societal worker concerned could hold employed a choice of politically nuanced holistic theoretical accounts ( Davis and Smith, 2012, p. 18 ) to the intercession. These theoretical accounts harmonizing to Davis and Smith ( 2012 ) would let the societal worker to recognize that they are non the entire expert in state of affairss and accept that there are many forms of expertness ( Davis and Smith, 2012, p. 18 ) . The societal worker should hold identified Angela as the expert on her household and listened to her concerns. Dolan et Al. ( 2006, 2008 ) have differentiated several procedures to help the practician in family support work ( Dolan et al. 2006 cited in Davis and Smith, 2012, p. 19 ) . They propose that by placing a service user s resilience and strength ( Dolan et al. 2006, 2008 cited in Davis and Smith, 2012, p.19 ) a publicity of partnership working will be established for all persons concerned including the kid. ( Dolan et al. 2006 cited in Davis and Smith, 2012 P 19. ) . A societal worker should be accessible and listen to a kid s petitions and positions while sing their well-being and safety ( Dolan et al. 2006, 2008 cited in Davis and Smith, 2012, p.19 ) . This is a demand under subdivision 17 of the Children Act 1989 ( CA 1989 ) as amended by subdivision 53 of the Children Act 2004 ( CA 2004 ) to find the wishes and feelings of the kid ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.legislation.gov.uk ) . Using an ecological position to Sam would hold facilitated the practician into recognizing the impact of poor lodging on his mind, organic structure and emotions ( Davis and Smith, 2012, p.16 ) . An chance was missed by societal services to prosecute the household with a minimum intercession service ( Davis and Smith, 2012, p. 18 ) and connect Angela via a systems attack with some community resources and webs ( Mantle and Backwith, 2010, p. 2381 ) . The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families recognises the deductions of poorness and is determined to tackle the root causes of poorness and societal exclusion ( DoH et al. 2000, p.1 ) . However, Brewer et Al. ( 2009 ) challenge this claim, and note that in 2007 08 ; poorness for persons in the United Kingdom had increased to a total of 13.5 million . This has led to the highest degrees of income inequality since 1961 ( Brewer et al. , 2009 cited in Mantle and Backwith, 201, p. 2380 ) . It is critical hence that whilst carry oning an appraisal that the societal worker does non exhibit poverty sightlessness ( Becker, 1997 ; Dowling, 1999 cited in Gupta and Blewett, 2008, p. 462 ) and has consciousness of the effects poorness and how it can impact on rearing abilities. Service users in a collaborative research undertaking were asked their positions about what makes a good societal worker. They wanted practicians who were open and honest and could demon strate an apprehension that society every bit good as persons can make neglect ( Gupta and Blewett, 2008, p. 465 ) . The Listening to troubled households study was lacking in its deficiency of mention to poorness or social inequality ( Palmer, 2010 cited in Trevithick, 2012, p.77 ) . It did non discourse the multiple signifiers of subjugation ( Hick and Murray, 2009, p. 88 ) that dominant constructions ( Hick and Murray, 2009, p. 88 ) create. Hick and Murray, ( 2009, p. 88 ) suggest that the societal worker who uses a structural position would seek to underscore the class analysis of the oppressed person by the forces of dominant economic power ( Hick and Murray, 2009, p. 88 ) . They posit that this position has been influenced by a feminist analyses and the patriarchal ( Hick and Murray, 2009, p. 88 ) effects on household kineticss and work environments. As most societal workers and the receivers of services are adult females ( Balloch, 1997 ; Howe, 1986 ) a societal worker could use a feminist position to inform their pattern and advocator for fairer rights and chances ( Orme, 2009, p. 6 7 ) with these peculiar households. The societal worker should be politically enlightened to enable them to run for the collective involvements of working-class ( Orme, 2009, p. 67 ) groups. Leading to a acknowledgment of full economic and societal rights ( Bryson, 1999 cited in Orme, 2009, p.67 ) . Nicole who was a participants from the study had been raped at the age of four by her stepbrother, started enduring depression, it all got excessively much ( Casey, 2012, 34 ) and was subjected to domestic maltreatment and colza by an ex-partner. Nicole was devouring intoxicant and a speed nut and was showing with anti-social behavior ( Casey, 2012, p.34 ) . Research from Widom Spatz and Sturmhofel ( 2001 ) note that the experience of being abused as a kid can increase a individual s likeliness for intoxicant related jobs as an grownup. It could be hypothesised that Nicole was utilizing intoxicant and drugs as a signifier of self-medication and to derive control of an oppressive life state of affairs. Research indicates, that Dylan Nicole s boy or kids of parents who abuse substances may be at hazard of hapless fond regards to health professionals ( Brooks and Rice 1997 ; Klee et Al. 1998 ; Howe et Al. 1999 ; Flores 2001 ) , hard interpersonal household relationships ( Cleaver et al. 1999 ; Velleman and Orford 1999 ; Harbin and Murphy 2000 ) and a well increased hazard of force ( Brookoff et al. 1997 ) . The histories of kids whose parents have or are misapplying substances have been procured by an rating of research surveies by Kroll, ( 2004 ) . Subjects that emerged from the research surveies were attachment, separation and loss ( Kroll, 2004, 133 ) kids spoke about being 2nd best and maintaining secrets. †¦When you see em make drugs long plenty you know you re non figure one ; you know you re ever put 2nd and the drugs are put first†¦ ( Jessica aged 15, in Howland Thompson 1998, cited in Kroll, 2004, 133 ) . The research highlighted the kids s losingss and deficiency of reliable, consistent and antiphonal ( Kroll, 2004, 133 ) parenting, their deficiency of confidence and self-worth, ( Kroll, 2004, 133 ) and the loss of an ordinary life in which they would be able to ask for friends place or attend school systematically ( Cork 1969 ; Howlan d Thompson 1998 ) . In the kids s narrations they wanted professionals to appreciate their hurt on the interior ( Kroll, 2004, 136 ) and non to be invisible ( Kroll, 2004, 136 ) . The local authorization are compelled under the CA 1989 portion III to back up households who need aid conveying up kids and work in partnership with health professional s ( DoH et al. , 2000 ) . However, after the execution of the CA 1989 it was discovered through Messages from Research ( DoH, 1995 ) that a concentration on child protection had created a famine of services for the kid in demand ( Morris, 2012, p. 14 ) . This was supported by the Victoria Climbi A ; eacute ; enquiry as Laming ( 2003, p. 6 ) asserted that normally the safest protection for the kid was timely intercession of household support services†¦ In response to the enquiry, the Green Paper, Every Child Matters ( 2003 ) was introduced ( Parton, 2006, p. 151 ) . Its remit was to concentrate on universal ( Parton, 2006, p. 152 ) services for all kids and targeted ( Parton, 2006, p. 152 ) services for kids with any farther auxiliary demands. The Laming enquiry ( 2003 ) made recommendations that were instigated by New Labour who envisaged service commissariats that were based around preventative services and early intercession ( Driscoll, 2009, 335 ) . These services took the signifier of Sure Start, the Children s Fund and Connexions ( Morris, 2012, 16 ) . However, the commissariats that New Labour implemented failed to prosecute the households with the most abiding and complex ( Morris, 2012, p.16 ) demands. Therefore, like the predating CA 1989 which had ignored children in demand ( Morris, 2012, p. 17 ) and the subsequent Children Act ( 2004 ) which had failed to make more complex households, policy drivers had become confusing and sometimes contradictory ( Morris, 2012: 17 ) . The argument around early intercession ( DoH et al. , 2000: eleven ) have evolved from New Labour s modernisation docket and their effort to run into the demands of a globalised economic system ( Frost and Parton, 2009, 25 ) . However, these constructs can be traced back, to when the Conservative authorities who had ab initio gained power in 1979 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk ) and introduced managerialism and a assorted economic system of attention into the administration of societal services sections ( Frost and Parton, 2009 ) . Equally good as advancing economy, efficiency and effectivity ( Frost and Parton, 2009, p. 24 ) the Conservatives were concerned with encouraging services that were transparent and accountable ( Frost and Parton, 2009, p. 25 ) . When New Labour was elected in 1997 they adopted ( Chard and Ayre, 2010: p. 96 ) many of the Conservative policies and enforced performance marks, review governments and conference tabular arraies ( Frost a nd Parton, 2009, p. 25 ) . However, Ferguson ( 2004, p. 4 ) postulates that New Labour went further and has embraced the market with a passion and enthusiasm which frequently leaves the Conservatives standing Numerous observers ( Dixon et al. , 1998, cited in Chard and Ayre, 2010, p. 95 ) assert that managerialism has been regarded as a market goaded solution to a public service problem . Lonne et Al. ( 2008 ) argue that a managerialist position does non appreciate the significance of organizing trusting, professional, relationships with service users. Ferguson ( 2010 ) clarifies this as the absence of societal work engagement with kids and households as societal workers have been progressively drawn into an office based environment. Therefore, any direct contact with households is limited with the societal worker orchestrating services and carry throughing disposal responsibilities. This leaves no clip harmonizing to Peckover et Al. ( 2008 ) for interpersonal communicating betwe en the practician and household. Broadhurst et Al. ( 2010, p. 363 ) bemoans this result as the infinite between help-seeker and help-provider is steadily widening . Munroe ( 2011 ) in her concluding study on child protection stressed that professionals have found it progressively hard to prolong any direct work with kids and their households. This is because of the load of statutory counsel, marks and local regulations ( Munroe, 2011, p. 6 ) . Crippling ( 2009: 10 ) reiterates these claims by asseverating that †¦ultimately the safety of a kid depends on staff holding the clip, cognition and accomplishment to understand the kid or immature individual and their household fortunes . In decision this essay has explored the Listening to Troubled Families ( Casey, 2012 ) study and as Levitas ( 2012, p. 4 ) notes The job is non the research itself, but its abuse and the Coalitions effort to misdirect the populace. It has applied societal work theories and methods to some persons and debated It has debated modern-day